Strengthening+of+Monarchy

Strengthening of Monarchy

The Hundred Year War Between A.D 1337 ad A.D 1453 England and France fought a series of wars known as the Hundred Year War. France kings wanted to unite their lands inherited from the Normans. In 1337 warfare began when Edward III England’s king laid claim into French’s crown. Major Battles English were victorious at first at Crecy in 1346 and Agincourt in 1415, their success was because of their weapons, a firearm, the forerunner of the longbow and cannon, as tall as a man, it was capable of piercing heavy armor at 300 yards. Joan of arc In A.D 1429, Joan of Arc 17 year old, went to the court of Frances King Charles VII, and she told the king that she heard voices from heaven that told her to save France. With Charles support she lead Frnce to victory at Orleans a town that was placed at siege by the English. Then Joan of Arc was captured by the English and burned alive. When the war ended with the victory of France in A.D 1453 the only French territory in English hands was Calais. Effect of the War The effect of war was more severely in France, because the fights were at French territory. This gave the French unity and the English bitterness and then resulting in social conflicts.     European countries in the monarchy In france during 1400s, the monarchy won a lot of power and prestige. Louis XI, the king tried to re-unite all France's lands and people, specially Bergundy.

In England, during the hundred years' war, the power of English's monarchy created a conflict called the War of the roses. This happened after the peace with France, with 2 families: Lancaster and Yorks. The first one used a red rose as emblem and the second one used a white rose equal to the war of the roses. The Yorkist victory meant Lancastrians lost. Later on, Henry Tudor became King Henry VII, he was neither York nor Lncaster, so he created a new era by the strengthening of monarchy. In the lates 1400s, Spain became a leading European power. To unite Spain, the 2 monarchs, decides that all Spaniards needed to be catholics and for those who weren't they needed to convert or leave Spain. For people who were practicing heresy (which is consider non-catholic beliefs) were torured and punished. Holy Roman Empire · The Roman Empire was made up mainly of Italian, German and Slavic lands but the empire did not achieve unity with the monarch system. · Most rulers in Europe were wealthy families that tied together, but the Roman emperor was elected by an assembly of German prices who independently ruled their territories. · In the early 1400S the assembly began choosing the emperors from the Hapsburgs, a powerful family of nobles based in Austria. ·  The Hapsburgs family won new lands for the empire such as preset day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxemburg. · In 1500 Charles, another member of the noble family was elects Holy Roman emperor and he turned his family into the most powerful European royal family.

During the Middle Ages people saw the rise of powerful kingdoms such as present day Poland and Hungary. Poland: · Poland was formed by West Slavs, Poland accepted roman Catholicism and close ties with western Europe. · In 1300 AD Poland enjoyed a golden age under King Casimir III. · In 1386 his successor, Queen Jadwiga married a duke of Lithuania, joining Poland and Lithuania and creating one of the largest states in medieval Europe.

Hungary: · This kingdom, located south from Poland was created by Magyas, Germans, and Slavs. · In 1000 AD the king, Stephen I became a Roman Catholic and introduced his people to western European ways. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· In 1241 AD Mongols from central l Asia invaded Hungary and caused destruction of the kingdom, but they withdrew and the Hungary was able to rebuild <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· In 1400-1500 AD, Hungary suffered constant attacks from the Ottoman Turks and in 1526 AD, the Ottoman ruler Suleiman I beat the Hungarian kingdom and most of Hungary was ruled by the Ottomans, while the rest of the lad was ruled by Hapsburg emperor.